Data Visualization with R
At IISA Annual Conference, 2022
Before we start
Ensure that you have the system requirements mentioned on this page under the ‘Prepare for the workshop’ section.
Access lecture slide using bit.ly/3vhOhSI
Components of a ggplot - canvas
Components of a ggplot - link vars to aesthetics
Components of a ggplot - Choose geometry
Components of a ggplot - the details
# Data to use for creating plots
ggplot(data = msleep,
# link variables in data to axes
aes(x = bodywt,
y = sleep_total)
)+ # plus sign'+' adds a layer
# A geometry or type of chart to plot
geom_point() + # A '+' sign for every layer
# add or edit various labels with this function
labs(
# title for plot
title = "Are body weight and sleep time related?",
# x axis title
x = "Body weight (Kg)",
# y axis title,
y = "Total sleep time (hours)"
)+
theme_minimal() # cosmetics
Solution - 1
Situation - One Discrete variable
Plot frequencies of conservation status of animals in msleep data.
| conservation | name | genus | vore | order | sleep_total | sleep_rem | sleep_cycle | awake | brainwt | bodywt |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lc | Cheetah | Acinonyx | carni | Carnivora | 12.1 | NA | NA | 11.90 | NA | 50.000 |
| NA | Owl monkey | Aotus | omni | Primates | 17.0 | 1.8 | NA | 7.00 | 0.01550 | 0.480 |
| nt | Mountain beaver | Aplodontia | herbi | Rodentia | 14.4 | 2.4 | NA | 9.60 | NA | 1.350 |
| lc | Greater short-tailed shrew | Blarina | omni | Soricomorpha | 14.9 | 2.3 | 0.1333333 | 9.10 | 0.00029 | 0.019 |
| domesticated | Cow | Bos | herbi | Artiodactyla | 4.0 | 0.7 | 0.6666667 | 20.00 | 0.42300 | 600.000 |
| NA | Three-toed sloth | Bradypus | herbi | Pilosa | 14.4 | 2.2 | 0.7666667 | 9.60 | NA | 3.850 |
| vu | Northern fur seal | Callorhinus | carni | Carnivora | 8.7 | 1.4 | 0.3833333 | 15.30 | NA | 20.490 |
| NA | Vesper mouse | Calomys | NA | Rodentia | 7.0 | NA | NA | 17.00 | NA | 0.045 |
| domesticated | Dog | Canis | carni | Carnivora | 10.1 | 2.9 | 0.3333333 | 13.90 | 0.07000 | 14.000 |
| lc | Roe deer | Capreolus | herbi | Artiodactyla | 3.0 | NA | NA | 21.00 | 0.09820 | 14.800 |
| lc | Goat | Capri | herbi | Artiodactyla | 5.3 | 0.6 | NA | 18.70 | 0.11500 | 33.500 |
| domesticated | Guinea pig | Cavis | herbi | Rodentia | 9.4 | 0.8 | 0.2166667 | 14.60 | 0.00550 | 0.728 |
| lc | Grivet | Cercopithecus | omni | Primates | 10.0 | 0.7 | NA | 14.00 | NA | 4.750 |
| domesticated | Chinchilla | Chinchilla | herbi | Rodentia | 12.5 | 1.5 | 0.1166667 | 11.50 | 0.00640 | 0.420 |
| lc | Star-nosed mole | Condylura | omni | Soricomorpha | 10.3 | 2.2 | NA | 13.70 | 0.00100 | 0.060 |
| NA | African giant pouched rat | Cricetomys | omni | Rodentia | 8.3 | 2.0 | NA | 15.70 | 0.00660 | 1.000 |
| lc | Lesser short-tailed shrew | Cryptotis | omni | Soricomorpha | 9.1 | 1.4 | 0.1500000 | 14.90 | 0.00014 | 0.005 |
| lc | Long-nosed armadillo | Dasypus | carni | Cingulata | 17.4 | 3.1 | 0.3833333 | 6.60 | 0.01080 | 3.500 |
| lc | Tree hyrax | Dendrohyrax | herbi | Hyracoidea | 5.3 | 0.5 | NA | 18.70 | 0.01230 | 2.950 |
| lc | North American Opossum | Didelphis | omni | Didelphimorphia | 18.0 | 4.9 | 0.3333333 | 6.00 | 0.00630 | 1.700 |
| en | Asian elephant | Elephas | herbi | Proboscidea | 3.9 | NA | NA | 20.10 | 4.60300 | 2547.000 |
| lc | Big brown bat | Eptesicus | insecti | Chiroptera | 19.7 | 3.9 | 0.1166667 | 4.30 | 0.00030 | 0.023 |
| domesticated | Horse | Equus | herbi | Perissodactyla | 2.9 | 0.6 | 1.0000000 | 21.10 | 0.65500 | 521.000 |
| domesticated | Donkey | Equus | herbi | Perissodactyla | 3.1 | 0.4 | NA | 20.90 | 0.41900 | 187.000 |
| lc | European hedgehog | Erinaceus | omni | Erinaceomorpha | 10.1 | 3.5 | 0.2833333 | 13.90 | 0.00350 | 0.770 |
| lc | Patas monkey | Erythrocebus | omni | Primates | 10.9 | 1.1 | NA | 13.10 | 0.11500 | 10.000 |
| NA | Western american chipmunk | Eutamias | herbi | Rodentia | 14.9 | NA | NA | 9.10 | NA | 0.071 |
| domesticated | Domestic cat | Felis | carni | Carnivora | 12.5 | 3.2 | 0.4166667 | 11.50 | 0.02560 | 3.300 |
| NA | Galago | Galago | omni | Primates | 9.8 | 1.1 | 0.5500000 | 14.20 | 0.00500 | 0.200 |
| cd | Giraffe | Giraffa | herbi | Artiodactyla | 1.9 | 0.4 | NA | 22.10 | NA | 899.995 |
| cd | Pilot whale | Globicephalus | carni | Cetacea | 2.7 | 0.1 | NA | 21.35 | NA | 800.000 |
| lc | Gray seal | Haliochoerus | carni | Carnivora | 6.2 | 1.5 | NA | 17.80 | 0.32500 | 85.000 |
| lc | Gray hyrax | Heterohyrax | herbi | Hyracoidea | 6.3 | 0.6 | NA | 17.70 | 0.01227 | 2.625 |
| NA | Human | Homo | omni | Primates | 8.0 | 1.9 | 1.5000000 | 16.00 | 1.32000 | 62.000 |
| vu | Mongoose lemur | Lemur | herbi | Primates | 9.5 | 0.9 | NA | 14.50 | NA | 1.670 |
| vu | African elephant | Loxodonta | herbi | Proboscidea | 3.3 | NA | NA | 20.70 | 5.71200 | 6654.000 |
| lc | Thick-tailed opposum | Lutreolina | carni | Didelphimorphia | 19.4 | 6.6 | NA | 4.60 | NA | 0.370 |
| NA | Macaque | Macaca | omni | Primates | 10.1 | 1.2 | 0.7500000 | 13.90 | 0.17900 | 6.800 |
| lc | Mongolian gerbil | Meriones | herbi | Rodentia | 14.2 | 1.9 | NA | 9.80 | NA | 0.053 |
| en | Golden hamster | Mesocricetus | herbi | Rodentia | 14.3 | 3.1 | 0.2000000 | 9.70 | 0.00100 | 0.120 |
| NA | Vole | Microtus | herbi | Rodentia | 12.8 | NA | NA | 11.20 | NA | 0.035 |
| nt | House mouse | Mus | herbi | Rodentia | 12.5 | 1.4 | 0.1833333 | 11.50 | 0.00040 | 0.022 |
| NA | Little brown bat | Myotis | insecti | Chiroptera | 19.9 | 2.0 | 0.2000000 | 4.10 | 0.00025 | 0.010 |
| nt | Round-tailed muskrat | Neofiber | herbi | Rodentia | 14.6 | NA | NA | 9.40 | NA | 0.266 |
| NA | Slow loris | Nyctibeus | carni | Primates | 11.0 | NA | NA | 13.00 | 0.01250 | 1.400 |
| lc | Degu | Octodon | herbi | Rodentia | 7.7 | 0.9 | NA | 16.30 | NA | 0.210 |
| lc | Northern grasshopper mouse | Onychomys | carni | Rodentia | 14.5 | NA | NA | 9.50 | NA | 0.028 |
| domesticated | Rabbit | Oryctolagus | herbi | Lagomorpha | 8.4 | 0.9 | 0.4166667 | 15.60 | 0.01210 | 2.500 |
| domesticated | Sheep | Ovis | herbi | Artiodactyla | 3.8 | 0.6 | NA | 20.20 | 0.17500 | 55.500 |
| NA | Chimpanzee | Pan | omni | Primates | 9.7 | 1.4 | 1.4166667 | 14.30 | 0.44000 | 52.200 |
| en | Tiger | Panthera | carni | Carnivora | 15.8 | NA | NA | 8.20 | NA | 162.564 |
| nt | Jaguar | Panthera | carni | Carnivora | 10.4 | NA | NA | 13.60 | 0.15700 | 100.000 |
| vu | Lion | Panthera | carni | Carnivora | 13.5 | NA | NA | 10.50 | NA | 161.499 |
| NA | Baboon | Papio | omni | Primates | 9.4 | 1.0 | 0.6666667 | 14.60 | 0.18000 | 25.235 |
| lc | Desert hedgehog | Paraechinus | NA | Erinaceomorpha | 10.3 | 2.7 | NA | 13.70 | 0.00240 | 0.550 |
| lc | Potto | Perodicticus | omni | Primates | 11.0 | NA | NA | 13.00 | NA | 1.100 |
| NA | Deer mouse | Peromyscus | NA | Rodentia | 11.5 | NA | NA | 12.50 | NA | 0.021 |
| NA | Phalanger | Phalanger | NA | Diprotodontia | 13.7 | 1.8 | NA | 10.30 | 0.01140 | 1.620 |
| vu | Caspian seal | Phoca | carni | Carnivora | 3.5 | 0.4 | NA | 20.50 | NA | 86.000 |
| vu | Common porpoise | Phocoena | carni | Cetacea | 5.6 | NA | NA | 18.45 | NA | 53.180 |
| NA | Potoroo | Potorous | herbi | Diprotodontia | 11.1 | 1.5 | NA | 12.90 | NA | 1.100 |
| en | Giant armadillo | Priodontes | insecti | Cingulata | 18.1 | 6.1 | NA | 5.90 | 0.08100 | 60.000 |
| lc | Rock hyrax | Procavia | NA | Hyracoidea | 5.4 | 0.5 | NA | 18.60 | 0.02100 | 3.600 |
| lc | Laboratory rat | Rattus | herbi | Rodentia | 13.0 | 2.4 | 0.1833333 | 11.00 | 0.00190 | 0.320 |
| NA | African striped mouse | Rhabdomys | omni | Rodentia | 8.7 | NA | NA | 15.30 | NA | 0.044 |
| NA | Squirrel monkey | Saimiri | omni | Primates | 9.6 | 1.4 | NA | 14.40 | 0.02000 | 0.743 |
| lc | Eastern american mole | Scalopus | insecti | Soricomorpha | 8.4 | 2.1 | 0.1666667 | 15.60 | 0.00120 | 0.075 |
| NA | Cotton rat | Sigmodon | herbi | Rodentia | 11.3 | 1.1 | 0.1500000 | 12.70 | 0.00118 | 0.148 |
| NA | Mole rat | Spalax | NA | Rodentia | 10.6 | 2.4 | NA | 13.40 | 0.00300 | 0.122 |
| lc | Arctic ground squirrel | Spermophilus | herbi | Rodentia | 16.6 | NA | NA | 7.40 | 0.00570 | 0.920 |
| lc | Thirteen-lined ground squirrel | Spermophilus | herbi | Rodentia | 13.8 | 3.4 | 0.2166667 | 10.20 | 0.00400 | 0.101 |
| lc | Golden-mantled ground squirrel | Spermophilus | herbi | Rodentia | 15.9 | 3.0 | NA | 8.10 | NA | 0.205 |
| NA | Musk shrew | Suncus | NA | Soricomorpha | 12.8 | 2.0 | 0.1833333 | 11.20 | 0.00033 | 0.048 |
| domesticated | Pig | Sus | omni | Artiodactyla | 9.1 | 2.4 | 0.5000000 | 14.90 | 0.18000 | 86.250 |
| NA | Short-nosed echidna | Tachyglossus | insecti | Monotremata | 8.6 | NA | NA | 15.40 | 0.02500 | 4.500 |
| NA | Eastern american chipmunk | Tamias | herbi | Rodentia | 15.8 | NA | NA | 8.20 | NA | 0.112 |
| vu | Brazilian tapir | Tapirus | herbi | Perissodactyla | 4.4 | 1.0 | 0.9000000 | 19.60 | 0.16900 | 207.501 |
| NA | Tenrec | Tenrec | omni | Afrosoricida | 15.6 | 2.3 | NA | 8.40 | 0.00260 | 0.900 |
| NA | Tree shrew | Tupaia | omni | Scandentia | 8.9 | 2.6 | 0.2333333 | 15.10 | 0.00250 | 0.104 |
| NA | Bottle-nosed dolphin | Tursiops | carni | Cetacea | 5.2 | NA | NA | 18.80 | NA | 173.330 |
| NA | Genet | Genetta | carni | Carnivora | 6.3 | 1.3 | NA | 17.70 | 0.01750 | 2.000 |
| NA | Arctic fox | Vulpes | carni | Carnivora | 12.5 | NA | NA | 11.50 | 0.04450 | 3.380 |
| NA | Red fox | Vulpes | carni | Carnivora | 9.8 | 2.4 | 0.3500000 | 14.20 | 0.05040 | 4.230 |
Situation - One Continuous variable
Plot sleep time of animals in msleep data.
| bodywt | name | genus | vore | order | conservation | sleep_total | sleep_rem | sleep_cycle | awake | brainwt |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 50.000 | Cheetah | Acinonyx | carni | Carnivora | lc | 12.1 | NA | NA | 11.90 | NA |
| 0.480 | Owl monkey | Aotus | omni | Primates | NA | 17.0 | 1.8 | NA | 7.00 | 0.01550 |
| 1.350 | Mountain beaver | Aplodontia | herbi | Rodentia | nt | 14.4 | 2.4 | NA | 9.60 | NA |
| 0.019 | Greater short-tailed shrew | Blarina | omni | Soricomorpha | lc | 14.9 | 2.3 | 0.1333333 | 9.10 | 0.00029 |
| 600.000 | Cow | Bos | herbi | Artiodactyla | domesticated | 4.0 | 0.7 | 0.6666667 | 20.00 | 0.42300 |
| 3.850 | Three-toed sloth | Bradypus | herbi | Pilosa | NA | 14.4 | 2.2 | 0.7666667 | 9.60 | NA |
| 20.490 | Northern fur seal | Callorhinus | carni | Carnivora | vu | 8.7 | 1.4 | 0.3833333 | 15.30 | NA |
| 0.045 | Vesper mouse | Calomys | NA | Rodentia | NA | 7.0 | NA | NA | 17.00 | NA |
| 14.000 | Dog | Canis | carni | Carnivora | domesticated | 10.1 | 2.9 | 0.3333333 | 13.90 | 0.07000 |
| 14.800 | Roe deer | Capreolus | herbi | Artiodactyla | lc | 3.0 | NA | NA | 21.00 | 0.09820 |
| 33.500 | Goat | Capri | herbi | Artiodactyla | lc | 5.3 | 0.6 | NA | 18.70 | 0.11500 |
| 0.728 | Guinea pig | Cavis | herbi | Rodentia | domesticated | 9.4 | 0.8 | 0.2166667 | 14.60 | 0.00550 |
| 4.750 | Grivet | Cercopithecus | omni | Primates | lc | 10.0 | 0.7 | NA | 14.00 | NA |
| 0.420 | Chinchilla | Chinchilla | herbi | Rodentia | domesticated | 12.5 | 1.5 | 0.1166667 | 11.50 | 0.00640 |
| 0.060 | Star-nosed mole | Condylura | omni | Soricomorpha | lc | 10.3 | 2.2 | NA | 13.70 | 0.00100 |
| 1.000 | African giant pouched rat | Cricetomys | omni | Rodentia | NA | 8.3 | 2.0 | NA | 15.70 | 0.00660 |
| 0.005 | Lesser short-tailed shrew | Cryptotis | omni | Soricomorpha | lc | 9.1 | 1.4 | 0.1500000 | 14.90 | 0.00014 |
| 3.500 | Long-nosed armadillo | Dasypus | carni | Cingulata | lc | 17.4 | 3.1 | 0.3833333 | 6.60 | 0.01080 |
| 2.950 | Tree hyrax | Dendrohyrax | herbi | Hyracoidea | lc | 5.3 | 0.5 | NA | 18.70 | 0.01230 |
| 1.700 | North American Opossum | Didelphis | omni | Didelphimorphia | lc | 18.0 | 4.9 | 0.3333333 | 6.00 | 0.00630 |
| 2547.000 | Asian elephant | Elephas | herbi | Proboscidea | en | 3.9 | NA | NA | 20.10 | 4.60300 |
| 0.023 | Big brown bat | Eptesicus | insecti | Chiroptera | lc | 19.7 | 3.9 | 0.1166667 | 4.30 | 0.00030 |
| 521.000 | Horse | Equus | herbi | Perissodactyla | domesticated | 2.9 | 0.6 | 1.0000000 | 21.10 | 0.65500 |
| 187.000 | Donkey | Equus | herbi | Perissodactyla | domesticated | 3.1 | 0.4 | NA | 20.90 | 0.41900 |
| 0.770 | European hedgehog | Erinaceus | omni | Erinaceomorpha | lc | 10.1 | 3.5 | 0.2833333 | 13.90 | 0.00350 |
| 10.000 | Patas monkey | Erythrocebus | omni | Primates | lc | 10.9 | 1.1 | NA | 13.10 | 0.11500 |
| 0.071 | Western american chipmunk | Eutamias | herbi | Rodentia | NA | 14.9 | NA | NA | 9.10 | NA |
| 3.300 | Domestic cat | Felis | carni | Carnivora | domesticated | 12.5 | 3.2 | 0.4166667 | 11.50 | 0.02560 |
| 0.200 | Galago | Galago | omni | Primates | NA | 9.8 | 1.1 | 0.5500000 | 14.20 | 0.00500 |
| 899.995 | Giraffe | Giraffa | herbi | Artiodactyla | cd | 1.9 | 0.4 | NA | 22.10 | NA |
| 800.000 | Pilot whale | Globicephalus | carni | Cetacea | cd | 2.7 | 0.1 | NA | 21.35 | NA |
| 85.000 | Gray seal | Haliochoerus | carni | Carnivora | lc | 6.2 | 1.5 | NA | 17.80 | 0.32500 |
| 2.625 | Gray hyrax | Heterohyrax | herbi | Hyracoidea | lc | 6.3 | 0.6 | NA | 17.70 | 0.01227 |
| 62.000 | Human | Homo | omni | Primates | NA | 8.0 | 1.9 | 1.5000000 | 16.00 | 1.32000 |
| 1.670 | Mongoose lemur | Lemur | herbi | Primates | vu | 9.5 | 0.9 | NA | 14.50 | NA |
| 6654.000 | African elephant | Loxodonta | herbi | Proboscidea | vu | 3.3 | NA | NA | 20.70 | 5.71200 |
| 0.370 | Thick-tailed opposum | Lutreolina | carni | Didelphimorphia | lc | 19.4 | 6.6 | NA | 4.60 | NA |
| 6.800 | Macaque | Macaca | omni | Primates | NA | 10.1 | 1.2 | 0.7500000 | 13.90 | 0.17900 |
| 0.053 | Mongolian gerbil | Meriones | herbi | Rodentia | lc | 14.2 | 1.9 | NA | 9.80 | NA |
| 0.120 | Golden hamster | Mesocricetus | herbi | Rodentia | en | 14.3 | 3.1 | 0.2000000 | 9.70 | 0.00100 |
| 0.035 | Vole | Microtus | herbi | Rodentia | NA | 12.8 | NA | NA | 11.20 | NA |
| 0.022 | House mouse | Mus | herbi | Rodentia | nt | 12.5 | 1.4 | 0.1833333 | 11.50 | 0.00040 |
| 0.010 | Little brown bat | Myotis | insecti | Chiroptera | NA | 19.9 | 2.0 | 0.2000000 | 4.10 | 0.00025 |
| 0.266 | Round-tailed muskrat | Neofiber | herbi | Rodentia | nt | 14.6 | NA | NA | 9.40 | NA |
| 1.400 | Slow loris | Nyctibeus | carni | Primates | NA | 11.0 | NA | NA | 13.00 | 0.01250 |
| 0.210 | Degu | Octodon | herbi | Rodentia | lc | 7.7 | 0.9 | NA | 16.30 | NA |
| 0.028 | Northern grasshopper mouse | Onychomys | carni | Rodentia | lc | 14.5 | NA | NA | 9.50 | NA |
| 2.500 | Rabbit | Oryctolagus | herbi | Lagomorpha | domesticated | 8.4 | 0.9 | 0.4166667 | 15.60 | 0.01210 |
| 55.500 | Sheep | Ovis | herbi | Artiodactyla | domesticated | 3.8 | 0.6 | NA | 20.20 | 0.17500 |
| 52.200 | Chimpanzee | Pan | omni | Primates | NA | 9.7 | 1.4 | 1.4166667 | 14.30 | 0.44000 |
| 162.564 | Tiger | Panthera | carni | Carnivora | en | 15.8 | NA | NA | 8.20 | NA |
| 100.000 | Jaguar | Panthera | carni | Carnivora | nt | 10.4 | NA | NA | 13.60 | 0.15700 |
| 161.499 | Lion | Panthera | carni | Carnivora | vu | 13.5 | NA | NA | 10.50 | NA |
| 25.235 | Baboon | Papio | omni | Primates | NA | 9.4 | 1.0 | 0.6666667 | 14.60 | 0.18000 |
| 0.550 | Desert hedgehog | Paraechinus | NA | Erinaceomorpha | lc | 10.3 | 2.7 | NA | 13.70 | 0.00240 |
| 1.100 | Potto | Perodicticus | omni | Primates | lc | 11.0 | NA | NA | 13.00 | NA |
| 0.021 | Deer mouse | Peromyscus | NA | Rodentia | NA | 11.5 | NA | NA | 12.50 | NA |
| 1.620 | Phalanger | Phalanger | NA | Diprotodontia | NA | 13.7 | 1.8 | NA | 10.30 | 0.01140 |
| 86.000 | Caspian seal | Phoca | carni | Carnivora | vu | 3.5 | 0.4 | NA | 20.50 | NA |
| 53.180 | Common porpoise | Phocoena | carni | Cetacea | vu | 5.6 | NA | NA | 18.45 | NA |
| 1.100 | Potoroo | Potorous | herbi | Diprotodontia | NA | 11.1 | 1.5 | NA | 12.90 | NA |
| 60.000 | Giant armadillo | Priodontes | insecti | Cingulata | en | 18.1 | 6.1 | NA | 5.90 | 0.08100 |
| 3.600 | Rock hyrax | Procavia | NA | Hyracoidea | lc | 5.4 | 0.5 | NA | 18.60 | 0.02100 |
| 0.320 | Laboratory rat | Rattus | herbi | Rodentia | lc | 13.0 | 2.4 | 0.1833333 | 11.00 | 0.00190 |
| 0.044 | African striped mouse | Rhabdomys | omni | Rodentia | NA | 8.7 | NA | NA | 15.30 | NA |
| 0.743 | Squirrel monkey | Saimiri | omni | Primates | NA | 9.6 | 1.4 | NA | 14.40 | 0.02000 |
| 0.075 | Eastern american mole | Scalopus | insecti | Soricomorpha | lc | 8.4 | 2.1 | 0.1666667 | 15.60 | 0.00120 |
| 0.148 | Cotton rat | Sigmodon | herbi | Rodentia | NA | 11.3 | 1.1 | 0.1500000 | 12.70 | 0.00118 |
| 0.122 | Mole rat | Spalax | NA | Rodentia | NA | 10.6 | 2.4 | NA | 13.40 | 0.00300 |
| 0.920 | Arctic ground squirrel | Spermophilus | herbi | Rodentia | lc | 16.6 | NA | NA | 7.40 | 0.00570 |
| 0.101 | Thirteen-lined ground squirrel | Spermophilus | herbi | Rodentia | lc | 13.8 | 3.4 | 0.2166667 | 10.20 | 0.00400 |
| 0.205 | Golden-mantled ground squirrel | Spermophilus | herbi | Rodentia | lc | 15.9 | 3.0 | NA | 8.10 | NA |
| 0.048 | Musk shrew | Suncus | NA | Soricomorpha | NA | 12.8 | 2.0 | 0.1833333 | 11.20 | 0.00033 |
| 86.250 | Pig | Sus | omni | Artiodactyla | domesticated | 9.1 | 2.4 | 0.5000000 | 14.90 | 0.18000 |
| 4.500 | Short-nosed echidna | Tachyglossus | insecti | Monotremata | NA | 8.6 | NA | NA | 15.40 | 0.02500 |
| 0.112 | Eastern american chipmunk | Tamias | herbi | Rodentia | NA | 15.8 | NA | NA | 8.20 | NA |
| 207.501 | Brazilian tapir | Tapirus | herbi | Perissodactyla | vu | 4.4 | 1.0 | 0.9000000 | 19.60 | 0.16900 |
| 0.900 | Tenrec | Tenrec | omni | Afrosoricida | NA | 15.6 | 2.3 | NA | 8.40 | 0.00260 |
| 0.104 | Tree shrew | Tupaia | omni | Scandentia | NA | 8.9 | 2.6 | 0.2333333 | 15.10 | 0.00250 |
| 173.330 | Bottle-nosed dolphin | Tursiops | carni | Cetacea | NA | 5.2 | NA | NA | 18.80 | NA |
| 2.000 | Genet | Genetta | carni | Carnivora | NA | 6.3 | 1.3 | NA | 17.70 | 0.01750 |
| 3.380 | Arctic fox | Vulpes | carni | Carnivora | NA | 12.5 | NA | NA | 11.50 | 0.04450 |
| 4.230 | Red fox | Vulpes | carni | Carnivora | NA | 9.8 | 2.4 | 0.3500000 | 14.20 | 0.05040 |
Situation - Two Continuous variable
Plot sleep time of animals and rem sleep time in msleep data.
| sleep_total | sleep_rem | name | genus | vore | order | conservation | sleep_cycle | awake | brainwt | bodywt |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12.1 | NA | Cheetah | Acinonyx | carni | Carnivora | lc | NA | 11.90 | NA | 50.000 |
| 17.0 | 1.8 | Owl monkey | Aotus | omni | Primates | NA | NA | 7.00 | 0.01550 | 0.480 |
| 14.4 | 2.4 | Mountain beaver | Aplodontia | herbi | Rodentia | nt | NA | 9.60 | NA | 1.350 |
| 14.9 | 2.3 | Greater short-tailed shrew | Blarina | omni | Soricomorpha | lc | 0.1333333 | 9.10 | 0.00029 | 0.019 |
| 4.0 | 0.7 | Cow | Bos | herbi | Artiodactyla | domesticated | 0.6666667 | 20.00 | 0.42300 | 600.000 |
| 14.4 | 2.2 | Three-toed sloth | Bradypus | herbi | Pilosa | NA | 0.7666667 | 9.60 | NA | 3.850 |
| 8.7 | 1.4 | Northern fur seal | Callorhinus | carni | Carnivora | vu | 0.3833333 | 15.30 | NA | 20.490 |
| 7.0 | NA | Vesper mouse | Calomys | NA | Rodentia | NA | NA | 17.00 | NA | 0.045 |
| 10.1 | 2.9 | Dog | Canis | carni | Carnivora | domesticated | 0.3333333 | 13.90 | 0.07000 | 14.000 |
| 3.0 | NA | Roe deer | Capreolus | herbi | Artiodactyla | lc | NA | 21.00 | 0.09820 | 14.800 |
| 5.3 | 0.6 | Goat | Capri | herbi | Artiodactyla | lc | NA | 18.70 | 0.11500 | 33.500 |
| 9.4 | 0.8 | Guinea pig | Cavis | herbi | Rodentia | domesticated | 0.2166667 | 14.60 | 0.00550 | 0.728 |
| 10.0 | 0.7 | Grivet | Cercopithecus | omni | Primates | lc | NA | 14.00 | NA | 4.750 |
| 12.5 | 1.5 | Chinchilla | Chinchilla | herbi | Rodentia | domesticated | 0.1166667 | 11.50 | 0.00640 | 0.420 |
| 10.3 | 2.2 | Star-nosed mole | Condylura | omni | Soricomorpha | lc | NA | 13.70 | 0.00100 | 0.060 |
| 8.3 | 2.0 | African giant pouched rat | Cricetomys | omni | Rodentia | NA | NA | 15.70 | 0.00660 | 1.000 |
| 9.1 | 1.4 | Lesser short-tailed shrew | Cryptotis | omni | Soricomorpha | lc | 0.1500000 | 14.90 | 0.00014 | 0.005 |
| 17.4 | 3.1 | Long-nosed armadillo | Dasypus | carni | Cingulata | lc | 0.3833333 | 6.60 | 0.01080 | 3.500 |
| 5.3 | 0.5 | Tree hyrax | Dendrohyrax | herbi | Hyracoidea | lc | NA | 18.70 | 0.01230 | 2.950 |
| 18.0 | 4.9 | North American Opossum | Didelphis | omni | Didelphimorphia | lc | 0.3333333 | 6.00 | 0.00630 | 1.700 |
| 3.9 | NA | Asian elephant | Elephas | herbi | Proboscidea | en | NA | 20.10 | 4.60300 | 2547.000 |
| 19.7 | 3.9 | Big brown bat | Eptesicus | insecti | Chiroptera | lc | 0.1166667 | 4.30 | 0.00030 | 0.023 |
| 2.9 | 0.6 | Horse | Equus | herbi | Perissodactyla | domesticated | 1.0000000 | 21.10 | 0.65500 | 521.000 |
| 3.1 | 0.4 | Donkey | Equus | herbi | Perissodactyla | domesticated | NA | 20.90 | 0.41900 | 187.000 |
| 10.1 | 3.5 | European hedgehog | Erinaceus | omni | Erinaceomorpha | lc | 0.2833333 | 13.90 | 0.00350 | 0.770 |
| 10.9 | 1.1 | Patas monkey | Erythrocebus | omni | Primates | lc | NA | 13.10 | 0.11500 | 10.000 |
| 14.9 | NA | Western american chipmunk | Eutamias | herbi | Rodentia | NA | NA | 9.10 | NA | 0.071 |
| 12.5 | 3.2 | Domestic cat | Felis | carni | Carnivora | domesticated | 0.4166667 | 11.50 | 0.02560 | 3.300 |
| 9.8 | 1.1 | Galago | Galago | omni | Primates | NA | 0.5500000 | 14.20 | 0.00500 | 0.200 |
| 1.9 | 0.4 | Giraffe | Giraffa | herbi | Artiodactyla | cd | NA | 22.10 | NA | 899.995 |
| 2.7 | 0.1 | Pilot whale | Globicephalus | carni | Cetacea | cd | NA | 21.35 | NA | 800.000 |
| 6.2 | 1.5 | Gray seal | Haliochoerus | carni | Carnivora | lc | NA | 17.80 | 0.32500 | 85.000 |
| 6.3 | 0.6 | Gray hyrax | Heterohyrax | herbi | Hyracoidea | lc | NA | 17.70 | 0.01227 | 2.625 |
| 8.0 | 1.9 | Human | Homo | omni | Primates | NA | 1.5000000 | 16.00 | 1.32000 | 62.000 |
| 9.5 | 0.9 | Mongoose lemur | Lemur | herbi | Primates | vu | NA | 14.50 | NA | 1.670 |
| 3.3 | NA | African elephant | Loxodonta | herbi | Proboscidea | vu | NA | 20.70 | 5.71200 | 6654.000 |
| 19.4 | 6.6 | Thick-tailed opposum | Lutreolina | carni | Didelphimorphia | lc | NA | 4.60 | NA | 0.370 |
| 10.1 | 1.2 | Macaque | Macaca | omni | Primates | NA | 0.7500000 | 13.90 | 0.17900 | 6.800 |
| 14.2 | 1.9 | Mongolian gerbil | Meriones | herbi | Rodentia | lc | NA | 9.80 | NA | 0.053 |
| 14.3 | 3.1 | Golden hamster | Mesocricetus | herbi | Rodentia | en | 0.2000000 | 9.70 | 0.00100 | 0.120 |
| 12.8 | NA | Vole | Microtus | herbi | Rodentia | NA | NA | 11.20 | NA | 0.035 |
| 12.5 | 1.4 | House mouse | Mus | herbi | Rodentia | nt | 0.1833333 | 11.50 | 0.00040 | 0.022 |
| 19.9 | 2.0 | Little brown bat | Myotis | insecti | Chiroptera | NA | 0.2000000 | 4.10 | 0.00025 | 0.010 |
| 14.6 | NA | Round-tailed muskrat | Neofiber | herbi | Rodentia | nt | NA | 9.40 | NA | 0.266 |
| 11.0 | NA | Slow loris | Nyctibeus | carni | Primates | NA | NA | 13.00 | 0.01250 | 1.400 |
| 7.7 | 0.9 | Degu | Octodon | herbi | Rodentia | lc | NA | 16.30 | NA | 0.210 |
| 14.5 | NA | Northern grasshopper mouse | Onychomys | carni | Rodentia | lc | NA | 9.50 | NA | 0.028 |
| 8.4 | 0.9 | Rabbit | Oryctolagus | herbi | Lagomorpha | domesticated | 0.4166667 | 15.60 | 0.01210 | 2.500 |
| 3.8 | 0.6 | Sheep | Ovis | herbi | Artiodactyla | domesticated | NA | 20.20 | 0.17500 | 55.500 |
| 9.7 | 1.4 | Chimpanzee | Pan | omni | Primates | NA | 1.4166667 | 14.30 | 0.44000 | 52.200 |
| 15.8 | NA | Tiger | Panthera | carni | Carnivora | en | NA | 8.20 | NA | 162.564 |
| 10.4 | NA | Jaguar | Panthera | carni | Carnivora | nt | NA | 13.60 | 0.15700 | 100.000 |
| 13.5 | NA | Lion | Panthera | carni | Carnivora | vu | NA | 10.50 | NA | 161.499 |
| 9.4 | 1.0 | Baboon | Papio | omni | Primates | NA | 0.6666667 | 14.60 | 0.18000 | 25.235 |
| 10.3 | 2.7 | Desert hedgehog | Paraechinus | NA | Erinaceomorpha | lc | NA | 13.70 | 0.00240 | 0.550 |
| 11.0 | NA | Potto | Perodicticus | omni | Primates | lc | NA | 13.00 | NA | 1.100 |
| 11.5 | NA | Deer mouse | Peromyscus | NA | Rodentia | NA | NA | 12.50 | NA | 0.021 |
| 13.7 | 1.8 | Phalanger | Phalanger | NA | Diprotodontia | NA | NA | 10.30 | 0.01140 | 1.620 |
| 3.5 | 0.4 | Caspian seal | Phoca | carni | Carnivora | vu | NA | 20.50 | NA | 86.000 |
| 5.6 | NA | Common porpoise | Phocoena | carni | Cetacea | vu | NA | 18.45 | NA | 53.180 |
| 11.1 | 1.5 | Potoroo | Potorous | herbi | Diprotodontia | NA | NA | 12.90 | NA | 1.100 |
| 18.1 | 6.1 | Giant armadillo | Priodontes | insecti | Cingulata | en | NA | 5.90 | 0.08100 | 60.000 |
| 5.4 | 0.5 | Rock hyrax | Procavia | NA | Hyracoidea | lc | NA | 18.60 | 0.02100 | 3.600 |
| 13.0 | 2.4 | Laboratory rat | Rattus | herbi | Rodentia | lc | 0.1833333 | 11.00 | 0.00190 | 0.320 |
| 8.7 | NA | African striped mouse | Rhabdomys | omni | Rodentia | NA | NA | 15.30 | NA | 0.044 |
| 9.6 | 1.4 | Squirrel monkey | Saimiri | omni | Primates | NA | NA | 14.40 | 0.02000 | 0.743 |
| 8.4 | 2.1 | Eastern american mole | Scalopus | insecti | Soricomorpha | lc | 0.1666667 | 15.60 | 0.00120 | 0.075 |
| 11.3 | 1.1 | Cotton rat | Sigmodon | herbi | Rodentia | NA | 0.1500000 | 12.70 | 0.00118 | 0.148 |
| 10.6 | 2.4 | Mole rat | Spalax | NA | Rodentia | NA | NA | 13.40 | 0.00300 | 0.122 |
| 16.6 | NA | Arctic ground squirrel | Spermophilus | herbi | Rodentia | lc | NA | 7.40 | 0.00570 | 0.920 |
| 13.8 | 3.4 | Thirteen-lined ground squirrel | Spermophilus | herbi | Rodentia | lc | 0.2166667 | 10.20 | 0.00400 | 0.101 |
| 15.9 | 3.0 | Golden-mantled ground squirrel | Spermophilus | herbi | Rodentia | lc | NA | 8.10 | NA | 0.205 |
| 12.8 | 2.0 | Musk shrew | Suncus | NA | Soricomorpha | NA | 0.1833333 | 11.20 | 0.00033 | 0.048 |
| 9.1 | 2.4 | Pig | Sus | omni | Artiodactyla | domesticated | 0.5000000 | 14.90 | 0.18000 | 86.250 |
| 8.6 | NA | Short-nosed echidna | Tachyglossus | insecti | Monotremata | NA | NA | 15.40 | 0.02500 | 4.500 |
| 15.8 | NA | Eastern american chipmunk | Tamias | herbi | Rodentia | NA | NA | 8.20 | NA | 0.112 |
| 4.4 | 1.0 | Brazilian tapir | Tapirus | herbi | Perissodactyla | vu | 0.9000000 | 19.60 | 0.16900 | 207.501 |
| 15.6 | 2.3 | Tenrec | Tenrec | omni | Afrosoricida | NA | NA | 8.40 | 0.00260 | 0.900 |
| 8.9 | 2.6 | Tree shrew | Tupaia | omni | Scandentia | NA | 0.2333333 | 15.10 | 0.00250 | 0.104 |
| 5.2 | NA | Bottle-nosed dolphin | Tursiops | carni | Cetacea | NA | NA | 18.80 | NA | 173.330 |
| 6.3 | 1.3 | Genet | Genetta | carni | Carnivora | NA | NA | 17.70 | 0.01750 | 2.000 |
| 12.5 | NA | Arctic fox | Vulpes | carni | Carnivora | NA | NA | 11.50 | 0.04450 | 3.380 |
| 9.8 | 2.4 | Red fox | Vulpes | carni | Carnivora | NA | 0.3500000 | 14.20 | 0.05040 | 4.230 |
Situation - 1 Continuous, 1 Discrete
Plot sleep time of animals and conservation status in msleep data.
| sleep_total | conservation | name | genus | vore | order | sleep_rem | sleep_cycle | awake | brainwt | bodywt |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12.1 | lc | Cheetah | Acinonyx | carni | Carnivora | NA | NA | 11.90 | NA | 50.000 |
| 17.0 | NA | Owl monkey | Aotus | omni | Primates | 1.8 | NA | 7.00 | 0.01550 | 0.480 |
| 14.4 | nt | Mountain beaver | Aplodontia | herbi | Rodentia | 2.4 | NA | 9.60 | NA | 1.350 |
| 14.9 | lc | Greater short-tailed shrew | Blarina | omni | Soricomorpha | 2.3 | 0.1333333 | 9.10 | 0.00029 | 0.019 |
| 4.0 | domesticated | Cow | Bos | herbi | Artiodactyla | 0.7 | 0.6666667 | 20.00 | 0.42300 | 600.000 |
| 14.4 | NA | Three-toed sloth | Bradypus | herbi | Pilosa | 2.2 | 0.7666667 | 9.60 | NA | 3.850 |
| 8.7 | vu | Northern fur seal | Callorhinus | carni | Carnivora | 1.4 | 0.3833333 | 15.30 | NA | 20.490 |
| 7.0 | NA | Vesper mouse | Calomys | NA | Rodentia | NA | NA | 17.00 | NA | 0.045 |
| 10.1 | domesticated | Dog | Canis | carni | Carnivora | 2.9 | 0.3333333 | 13.90 | 0.07000 | 14.000 |
| 3.0 | lc | Roe deer | Capreolus | herbi | Artiodactyla | NA | NA | 21.00 | 0.09820 | 14.800 |
| 5.3 | lc | Goat | Capri | herbi | Artiodactyla | 0.6 | NA | 18.70 | 0.11500 | 33.500 |
| 9.4 | domesticated | Guinea pig | Cavis | herbi | Rodentia | 0.8 | 0.2166667 | 14.60 | 0.00550 | 0.728 |
| 10.0 | lc | Grivet | Cercopithecus | omni | Primates | 0.7 | NA | 14.00 | NA | 4.750 |
| 12.5 | domesticated | Chinchilla | Chinchilla | herbi | Rodentia | 1.5 | 0.1166667 | 11.50 | 0.00640 | 0.420 |
| 10.3 | lc | Star-nosed mole | Condylura | omni | Soricomorpha | 2.2 | NA | 13.70 | 0.00100 | 0.060 |
| 8.3 | NA | African giant pouched rat | Cricetomys | omni | Rodentia | 2.0 | NA | 15.70 | 0.00660 | 1.000 |
| 9.1 | lc | Lesser short-tailed shrew | Cryptotis | omni | Soricomorpha | 1.4 | 0.1500000 | 14.90 | 0.00014 | 0.005 |
| 17.4 | lc | Long-nosed armadillo | Dasypus | carni | Cingulata | 3.1 | 0.3833333 | 6.60 | 0.01080 | 3.500 |
| 5.3 | lc | Tree hyrax | Dendrohyrax | herbi | Hyracoidea | 0.5 | NA | 18.70 | 0.01230 | 2.950 |
| 18.0 | lc | North American Opossum | Didelphis | omni | Didelphimorphia | 4.9 | 0.3333333 | 6.00 | 0.00630 | 1.700 |
| 3.9 | en | Asian elephant | Elephas | herbi | Proboscidea | NA | NA | 20.10 | 4.60300 | 2547.000 |
| 19.7 | lc | Big brown bat | Eptesicus | insecti | Chiroptera | 3.9 | 0.1166667 | 4.30 | 0.00030 | 0.023 |
| 2.9 | domesticated | Horse | Equus | herbi | Perissodactyla | 0.6 | 1.0000000 | 21.10 | 0.65500 | 521.000 |
| 3.1 | domesticated | Donkey | Equus | herbi | Perissodactyla | 0.4 | NA | 20.90 | 0.41900 | 187.000 |
| 10.1 | lc | European hedgehog | Erinaceus | omni | Erinaceomorpha | 3.5 | 0.2833333 | 13.90 | 0.00350 | 0.770 |
| 10.9 | lc | Patas monkey | Erythrocebus | omni | Primates | 1.1 | NA | 13.10 | 0.11500 | 10.000 |
| 14.9 | NA | Western american chipmunk | Eutamias | herbi | Rodentia | NA | NA | 9.10 | NA | 0.071 |
| 12.5 | domesticated | Domestic cat | Felis | carni | Carnivora | 3.2 | 0.4166667 | 11.50 | 0.02560 | 3.300 |
| 9.8 | NA | Galago | Galago | omni | Primates | 1.1 | 0.5500000 | 14.20 | 0.00500 | 0.200 |
| 1.9 | cd | Giraffe | Giraffa | herbi | Artiodactyla | 0.4 | NA | 22.10 | NA | 899.995 |
| 2.7 | cd | Pilot whale | Globicephalus | carni | Cetacea | 0.1 | NA | 21.35 | NA | 800.000 |
| 6.2 | lc | Gray seal | Haliochoerus | carni | Carnivora | 1.5 | NA | 17.80 | 0.32500 | 85.000 |
| 6.3 | lc | Gray hyrax | Heterohyrax | herbi | Hyracoidea | 0.6 | NA | 17.70 | 0.01227 | 2.625 |
| 8.0 | NA | Human | Homo | omni | Primates | 1.9 | 1.5000000 | 16.00 | 1.32000 | 62.000 |
| 9.5 | vu | Mongoose lemur | Lemur | herbi | Primates | 0.9 | NA | 14.50 | NA | 1.670 |
| 3.3 | vu | African elephant | Loxodonta | herbi | Proboscidea | NA | NA | 20.70 | 5.71200 | 6654.000 |
| 19.4 | lc | Thick-tailed opposum | Lutreolina | carni | Didelphimorphia | 6.6 | NA | 4.60 | NA | 0.370 |
| 10.1 | NA | Macaque | Macaca | omni | Primates | 1.2 | 0.7500000 | 13.90 | 0.17900 | 6.800 |
| 14.2 | lc | Mongolian gerbil | Meriones | herbi | Rodentia | 1.9 | NA | 9.80 | NA | 0.053 |
| 14.3 | en | Golden hamster | Mesocricetus | herbi | Rodentia | 3.1 | 0.2000000 | 9.70 | 0.00100 | 0.120 |
| 12.8 | NA | Vole | Microtus | herbi | Rodentia | NA | NA | 11.20 | NA | 0.035 |
| 12.5 | nt | House mouse | Mus | herbi | Rodentia | 1.4 | 0.1833333 | 11.50 | 0.00040 | 0.022 |
| 19.9 | NA | Little brown bat | Myotis | insecti | Chiroptera | 2.0 | 0.2000000 | 4.10 | 0.00025 | 0.010 |
| 14.6 | nt | Round-tailed muskrat | Neofiber | herbi | Rodentia | NA | NA | 9.40 | NA | 0.266 |
| 11.0 | NA | Slow loris | Nyctibeus | carni | Primates | NA | NA | 13.00 | 0.01250 | 1.400 |
| 7.7 | lc | Degu | Octodon | herbi | Rodentia | 0.9 | NA | 16.30 | NA | 0.210 |
| 14.5 | lc | Northern grasshopper mouse | Onychomys | carni | Rodentia | NA | NA | 9.50 | NA | 0.028 |
| 8.4 | domesticated | Rabbit | Oryctolagus | herbi | Lagomorpha | 0.9 | 0.4166667 | 15.60 | 0.01210 | 2.500 |
| 3.8 | domesticated | Sheep | Ovis | herbi | Artiodactyla | 0.6 | NA | 20.20 | 0.17500 | 55.500 |
| 9.7 | NA | Chimpanzee | Pan | omni | Primates | 1.4 | 1.4166667 | 14.30 | 0.44000 | 52.200 |
| 15.8 | en | Tiger | Panthera | carni | Carnivora | NA | NA | 8.20 | NA | 162.564 |
| 10.4 | nt | Jaguar | Panthera | carni | Carnivora | NA | NA | 13.60 | 0.15700 | 100.000 |
| 13.5 | vu | Lion | Panthera | carni | Carnivora | NA | NA | 10.50 | NA | 161.499 |
| 9.4 | NA | Baboon | Papio | omni | Primates | 1.0 | 0.6666667 | 14.60 | 0.18000 | 25.235 |
| 10.3 | lc | Desert hedgehog | Paraechinus | NA | Erinaceomorpha | 2.7 | NA | 13.70 | 0.00240 | 0.550 |
| 11.0 | lc | Potto | Perodicticus | omni | Primates | NA | NA | 13.00 | NA | 1.100 |
| 11.5 | NA | Deer mouse | Peromyscus | NA | Rodentia | NA | NA | 12.50 | NA | 0.021 |
| 13.7 | NA | Phalanger | Phalanger | NA | Diprotodontia | 1.8 | NA | 10.30 | 0.01140 | 1.620 |
| 3.5 | vu | Caspian seal | Phoca | carni | Carnivora | 0.4 | NA | 20.50 | NA | 86.000 |
| 5.6 | vu | Common porpoise | Phocoena | carni | Cetacea | NA | NA | 18.45 | NA | 53.180 |
| 11.1 | NA | Potoroo | Potorous | herbi | Diprotodontia | 1.5 | NA | 12.90 | NA | 1.100 |
| 18.1 | en | Giant armadillo | Priodontes | insecti | Cingulata | 6.1 | NA | 5.90 | 0.08100 | 60.000 |
| 5.4 | lc | Rock hyrax | Procavia | NA | Hyracoidea | 0.5 | NA | 18.60 | 0.02100 | 3.600 |
| 13.0 | lc | Laboratory rat | Rattus | herbi | Rodentia | 2.4 | 0.1833333 | 11.00 | 0.00190 | 0.320 |
| 8.7 | NA | African striped mouse | Rhabdomys | omni | Rodentia | NA | NA | 15.30 | NA | 0.044 |
| 9.6 | NA | Squirrel monkey | Saimiri | omni | Primates | 1.4 | NA | 14.40 | 0.02000 | 0.743 |
| 8.4 | lc | Eastern american mole | Scalopus | insecti | Soricomorpha | 2.1 | 0.1666667 | 15.60 | 0.00120 | 0.075 |
| 11.3 | NA | Cotton rat | Sigmodon | herbi | Rodentia | 1.1 | 0.1500000 | 12.70 | 0.00118 | 0.148 |
| 10.6 | NA | Mole rat | Spalax | NA | Rodentia | 2.4 | NA | 13.40 | 0.00300 | 0.122 |
| 16.6 | lc | Arctic ground squirrel | Spermophilus | herbi | Rodentia | NA | NA | 7.40 | 0.00570 | 0.920 |
| 13.8 | lc | Thirteen-lined ground squirrel | Spermophilus | herbi | Rodentia | 3.4 | 0.2166667 | 10.20 | 0.00400 | 0.101 |
| 15.9 | lc | Golden-mantled ground squirrel | Spermophilus | herbi | Rodentia | 3.0 | NA | 8.10 | NA | 0.205 |
| 12.8 | NA | Musk shrew | Suncus | NA | Soricomorpha | 2.0 | 0.1833333 | 11.20 | 0.00033 | 0.048 |
| 9.1 | domesticated | Pig | Sus | omni | Artiodactyla | 2.4 | 0.5000000 | 14.90 | 0.18000 | 86.250 |
| 8.6 | NA | Short-nosed echidna | Tachyglossus | insecti | Monotremata | NA | NA | 15.40 | 0.02500 | 4.500 |
| 15.8 | NA | Eastern american chipmunk | Tamias | herbi | Rodentia | NA | NA | 8.20 | NA | 0.112 |
| 4.4 | vu | Brazilian tapir | Tapirus | herbi | Perissodactyla | 1.0 | 0.9000000 | 19.60 | 0.16900 | 207.501 |
| 15.6 | NA | Tenrec | Tenrec | omni | Afrosoricida | 2.3 | NA | 8.40 | 0.00260 | 0.900 |
| 8.9 | NA | Tree shrew | Tupaia | omni | Scandentia | 2.6 | 0.2333333 | 15.10 | 0.00250 | 0.104 |
| 5.2 | NA | Bottle-nosed dolphin | Tursiops | carni | Cetacea | NA | NA | 18.80 | NA | 173.330 |
| 6.3 | NA | Genet | Genetta | carni | Carnivora | 1.3 | NA | 17.70 | 0.01750 | 2.000 |
| 12.5 | NA | Arctic fox | Vulpes | carni | Carnivora | NA | NA | 11.50 | 0.04450 | 3.380 |
| 9.8 | NA | Red fox | Vulpes | carni | Carnivora | 2.4 | 0.3500000 | 14.20 | 0.05040 | 4.230 |
Solution - 2
Solution - 3
Aesthetics use case - size
original chart
Aesthetics use case - size
Supply values directly to size
Aesthetics use case - size
link size to a variable in data
Aesthetics use case - alpha
original chart
Aesthetics use case - alpha
Supply values directly to alpha
Aesthetics use case - colour
original chart
Aesthetics use case - colour
Supply values directly to colour
Aesthetics use case - colour
link colour to a variable in data
Aesthetics - fill vs colour
Aesthetics - fill vs colour
You can have it all
A quick coding detour - 4
Write a code that will generate the following chart. Use gapminder data.
