Building your masterpiece with {ggplot2}

# Building your masterpiece using

### Lecture 3

## Find me

[__@ayushbipinpatel__](https://twitter.com/ayushbipinpatel) <img src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" width=5%> 
 
[__@AyushBipinPatel__](https://github.com/AyushBipinPatel) <img src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" width=5%>
 
 
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---

# About You

Pre-requisite for this lecture.
 
 
 
--
You know __how to create an object__

--
You know __how to write conditional statements in R.__
 
 
 
--
You know __how to access desired elements from a vector or a data frame.__
 
 
 
--
You know __how to subset rows from a data frame.__
 
 
 
--
You know __how to mutate a data frame.__
---

# Pre-workshop set-up

Copy the following command in your script and run:

> library(dplyr)
 
> library(ggplot2)
 
> library(palmerpenguins)

## Dont we need to install the ggplot2 library?

## What is the ggplot2 library?

---
class: left, middle

background-image: url(figs/concept_map_visualization.jpg)
background-size: contain
---

```r
* ggplot(data = penguins) # the plot area and data
```
]
 
.panel2-comp_plot-auto[
![](lecture3_files/figure-html/comp_plot_auto_01_output-1.png)
]

---
count: false
 
Components of a plot
.panel1-comp_plot-auto[

```r
 ggplot(data = penguins)+ # the plot area and data
* geom_boxplot(aes(species, body_mass_g,
* fill = species),
* alpha = 0.5) # geom and aesthetic
```
]
 
.panel2-comp_plot-auto[
![](lecture3_files/figure-html/comp_plot_auto_02_output-1.png)
]

---
count: false
 
Components of a plot
.panel1-comp_plot-auto[

```r
 ggplot(data = penguins)+ # the plot area and data
 geom_boxplot(aes(species, body_mass_g,
 fill = species),
 alpha = 0.5)+ # geom and aesthetic
* geom_jitter(aes(species,body_mass_g,
* colour = species),
* alpha = 0.5) # another layer with aesthetics
```
]
 
.panel2-comp_plot-auto[
![](lecture3_files/figure-html/comp_plot_auto_03_output-1.png)
]

---
count: false
 
Components of a plot
.panel1-comp_plot-auto[

```r
 ggplot(data = penguins)+ # the plot area and data
 geom_boxplot(aes(species, body_mass_g,
 fill = species),
 alpha = 0.5)+ # geom and aesthetic
 geom_jitter(aes(species,body_mass_g,
 colour = species),
 alpha = 0.5)+ # another layer with aesthetics
* theme_bw() # theme
```
]
 
.panel2-comp_plot-auto[
![](lecture3_files/figure-html/comp_plot_auto_04_output-1.png)
]

---
count: false
 
Components of a plot
.panel1-comp_plot-auto[

```r
 ggplot(data = penguins)+ # the plot area and data
 geom_boxplot(aes(species, body_mass_g,
 fill = species),
 alpha = 0.5)+ # geom and aesthetic
 geom_jitter(aes(species,body_mass_g,
 colour = species),
 alpha = 0.5)+ # another layer with aesthetics
 theme_bw()+ # theme
* labs(
* x = "Species",
* y = "Body mass in grams",
* title = "Distribution of Mass of penguins"
* ) # labels
```
]
 
.panel2-comp_plot-auto[
![](lecture3_files/figure-html/comp_plot_auto_05_output-1.png)
]

???

explain each layer and aes mapping
---
class: left, middle

# What will you learn?

Types of geometries and when to use them 
 How to map variables in data to aesthetics of a plot 
 About the theme of a plot 
 Labeling the plot

]

geom_*() (density, histogram, bar, point, jitter, col, boxplot) 
 The aes() (mapping variables to axes, shape, size, colour, fill and alpha of the geom) 
 Intro to available themes theme_*() 
 The labs() to add title, subtitle, axes labels and caption to the plot.

]
---
class: left,top

# Plotting one continuous variable

<code class ='r hljs remark-code'>ggplot(data = penguins)+ &nbsp;&nbsp;geom_density(aes(x = body_mass_g))</code>

![](lecture3_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-1-1.png)
]

<code class ='r hljs remark-code'>ggplot(data = penguins)+ &nbsp;&nbsp;geom_histogram(aes(x = body_mass_g))</code>

![](lecture3_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-2-1.png)

]
---

.left-column[
# <svg viewBox="0 0 576 512" style="position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;height:3em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M528 64H48C21.49 64 0 85.49 0 112v288c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h480c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V112c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zm8 336c0 4.411-3.589 8-8 8H48c-4.411 0-8-3.589-8-8V112c0-4.411 3.589-8 8-8h480c4.411 0 8 3.589 8 8v288zM170 270v-28c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12h-28c-6.627 0-12 5.373-12 12v28c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h28c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12zm96 0v-28c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12h-28c-6.627 0-12 5.373-12 12v28c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h28c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12zm96 0v-28c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12h-28c-6.627 0-12 5.373-12 12v28c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h28c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12zm96 0v-28c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12h-28c-6.627 0-12 5.373-12 12v28c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h28c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12zm-336 82v-28c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12H82c-6.627 0-12 5.373-12 12v28c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h28c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12zm384 0v-28c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12h-28c-6.627 0-12 5.373-12 12v28c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h28c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12zM122 188v-28c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12H82c-6.627 0-12 5.373-12 12v28c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h28c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12zm96 0v-28c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12h-28c-6.627 0-12 5.373-12 12v28c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h28c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12zm96 0v-28c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12h-28c-6.627 0-12 5.373-12 12v28c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h28c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12zm96 0v-28c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12h-28c-6.627 0-12 5.373-12 12v28c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h28c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12zm96 0v-28c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12h-28c-6.627 0-12 5.373-12 12v28c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h28c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12zm-98 158v-16c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12H180c-6.627 0-12 5.373-12 12v16c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h216c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12z"></path></svg> Your Turn
]

Make a histogram of a continuous variable of your choice from the penguins data. __Plot is also an object__. Save it as you would save a vector. __Name it `chart_density`__

]

---
class: left, top

# Plotting one discrete variable

<code class ='r hljs remark-code'>ggplot(data = penguins)+ &nbsp;&nbsp;geom_bar(aes(x = island))</code>

![](lecture3_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-3-1.png)

---

# Plotting two continuous variables

<code class ='r hljs remark-code'>ggplot(data = penguins)+ &nbsp;&nbsp;geom_point(aes(x = bill_length_mm,y = bill_depth_mm))</code>

![](lecture3_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-4-1.png)

---

Make a scatter plot of two continuous variables of your choice from the penguins data. __Name it `chart_scatter`__

]

---
class: left, top

## Plotting one continuous anf one discrete variable

<code class ='r hljs remark-code'>penguins %>% &nbsp;&nbsp;group_by(species) %>% &nbsp;&nbsp;summarise( &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;avg_body_mass = mean(body_mass_g,na.rm = T) &nbsp;&nbsp;) %>% &nbsp;&nbsp;ggplot() + &nbsp;&nbsp;geom_col(aes(species,avg_body_mass))</code>

![](lecture3_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-5-1.png)

]

<code class ='r hljs remark-code'>penguins %>% &nbsp;&nbsp;ggplot() + &nbsp;&nbsp;geom_boxplot(aes(species,body_mass_g))</code>

![](lecture3_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-6-1.png)

]

]
---

# Aesthetics of geoms

```r
penguins %>% 
  ggplot()+
  geom_boxplot(aes(species, body_mass_g,
                   fill = sex))
```

![](lecture3_files/figure-html/fill_ex-1.png)

]

```r
penguins %>% 
  ggplot()+
  geom_point(aes(bill_length_mm, bill_depth_mm,
                 colour = species))
```

![](lecture3_files/figure-html/col_ex-1.png)

]

```r
penguins %>% 
  ggplot()+
  geom_point(aes(bill_length_mm, bill_depth_mm,
                 shape = species))
```

![](lecture3_files/figure-html/shp_ex-1.png)

]

```r
penguins %>% 
  ggplot()+
  geom_point(aes(bill_length_mm, bill_depth_mm,
                 colour = species),
             alpha = 0.5)
```

![](lecture3_files/figure-html/alp_ex-1.png)

]

```r
penguins %>% 
  ggplot()+
  geom_point(aes(bill_length_mm, bill_depth_mm,
                 size = species),
             alpha = 0.5)
```

![](lecture3_files/figure-html/siz_ex-1.png)

]

---
class: left, middle

# Plot Labels

```
.....
.....  ## Your awesome plot code
..... +
labs(
title = "Chart title",
subtitle = "Chart Subtitle",
x = "x-axis title",
y = "y-axis title",
caption = "Chart caption"
)
```
]

![](lecture3_files/figure-html/labs_ex-1.png)

]
---
class: left, middle

# GO Crazy

Copy the following commands in console and execute one after another.

>install.packages("nycflights13")
 
>library(nycflights13)

Use the `View()` function to see the `flights` data.

__Make a chart that you think will show some interesting insight.__

---
class: inverse,center, middle

# Thank You